See also: Roman Empire, Maritime republics, and Italy and the colonization of the Americas Following the independence of Somalia in 1960, Italy's 78-year period of imperialism concluded. Only the territory of Somalia was eventually turned into a UN trust territory under Italian administration until 1960. In 1947, Italy officially relinquished claims on its former colonies. Systematic "demographic colonization" was encouraged by the government, and by 1939, Italian settlers numbered 120,000 -150,000 in Italian Libya and 165,000 in Italian East Africa.ĭuring World War II, Italy allied with Germany in 1940 and occupied British Somaliland, western Egypt, Yugoslavia, Tunisia, parts of south-western France and Greece however, it then lost those conquests and its African colonies to the invading allied forces by 1943. The Fascist government that came to power with dictator Benito Mussolini after 1922 sought to increase the size of the Italian empire and to satisfy the claims of Italian irredentists. In Africa, the colonial empire included the territories of present-day Eritrea, Somalia, Libya, and Ethiopia outside Africa, Italy possessed the Dodecanese Islands (following the Italo-Turkish War), Albania (a protectorate from 1917 to 1920 and from 1925 to 1939, when it was invaded and forced into a personal union with Italy), and some concessions in China, including in Tianjin.
The Italian colonial empire ( Italian: Impero coloniale italiano), known as the Italian Empire ( Impero italiano) between 19, began in Africa in the 19th century and comprised the colonies, protectorates, concessions and dependencies of the Kingdom of Italy.
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